Firstly, regarding the parallax issue, clearly the below description was not responsible. I did say originally that it looked like a similar problem which I accept was hasty conjecture for which I apologise.
Notwithstanding this, it wasn’t a glib suggestion off the top of my head but was a result of the strange events described here. I would love to have a reasoned explanation for this, which has so far remained elusive.
Background:
The site was not and had not been using cloudflare. (at least my test server described below)
The fixed backgrounds that displayed the problem in Chrome were CSS only background-attachment:fixed and used no JS.
The problem was the same regardless of the stack used - 3 developers stacks were tried.
People experienced this problem with various themes, not just Foundation.
The reported problem:
Anything published from machine a produced a page where the fixed background image failed to display properly when not in the initial viewport.
Chronology:
It became apparent as more people reported, that the only commonality was that they had a lot of Chrome extensions installed.
I therefore installed the same extensions as one of the reporters on one machine (a) and not on another (b).
Immediately, anything published from machine a produced a page where the fixed background image failed to display properly in Chrome when not in the initial viewport. On occasions but no exclusively, it would also fail to fix and behave as a static background.
The same project published to the same server from machine (b) worked perfectly every time.
This is the point where Joe & I repeated the experiment with the same project file on my machine (a) and his machine - same result as above, his worked, mine didn’t.
Given the that the problem had occurred when I installed the extensions, I therefore removed them. - Same result, still broken output.
I therefore completely removed Chrome and re-installed (the exact same version number) from a fresh download after which all publishing worked correctly again from machine (a).
Not believing what I had seen I repeated the experiment on a third machine with the same results and also got the guy who had listed his extensions to me to do the same.
Re-installing Chrome immediately fixed his problems as it had done for me. He was obviously reluctant to repeat the process as he had a site to publish.
Reports kept coming in about the problem and so I shared what I had done.
Almost everyone who tried the same found that it fixed their problems. A couple of people found that this didn’t work and re-installed OSX which then fixed it.
Conclusion:
As a scientist I know that this fits absolutely no reasonable explanation but empirically it happened time and time again. I wish I was smoking something as this lot may make more sense. None the less, there were over 30 happy users whose published sites were working again a result.